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´ÙÀ½Àº ³ªÀÏ ¹«¾î½º ¹Ú»çÀÇ Ã˱¸¹®(Àü¹®)
Call for the Legal Protection and Ramsar Site Designation of the Hwaseong Wetlands(ȼº½ÀÁöÀÇ ¹ýÀû º¸È£ ¹× ¶÷»ç¸£»çÀÌÆ® ÁöÁ¤ Ã˱¸)
Dr Nial Moores, Director, Birds Korea
Nial Moores ¹Ú»ç[»õ¿Í»ý¸íÀÇÅÍ(Birds Korea) ´ëÇ¥]
In 1988, Namyang Bay was identified as a Ramsar-defined internationally important wetland. It was assessed as one of the four most important wetlands in the whole nation for shorebirds.
1988³â ³²¾ç¸¸Àº ¶÷»ç¸£°¡ Á¤ÀÇÇÑ ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ ½ÀÁöÀÓÀÌ È®ÀεƽÀ´Ï´Ù.
±×°ÍÀº µµ¿ä¹°¶¼»õ¿¡ ÀÖ¾î Àü±¹¿¡¼ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ 4°³ÀÇ ½ÀÁö Áß Çϳª·Î Æò°¡µÇ¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
As a result of seawall construction and reclamation in the early 2000s, there have been massive declines in many bird species and in fisheries in what used to be Namyang Bay.
2000³â´ë ÃÊ ¹æÆÄÁ¦ °Ç¼³°ú ¸Å¸³ÀÇ °á°ú·Î, ³²¾ç¸¸À̾ú´ø °÷¿¡¼ ¸¹Àº Á¶·ù Á¾ÀÌ ÁÙ¾ú°í ¾î¾÷ÀÌ Å©°Ô °¨¼ÒÇß½À´Ï´Ù.
However, even now, the remaining area – now known as the Hwaseong Wetlands–is still internationally important as defined by the Ramsar Convention.
±×·¯³ª Áö±Ýµµ ȼº½ÀÁö·Î ¾Ë·ÁÁø ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â Áö¿ªÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ¶÷»ç¸£Çù¾à (Ramsar Convention)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¤ÀÇµÈ ´ë·Î ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
The Hwaseong Wetlands, designated as a Flyway Site by Hwaseong City and the East Asian-Australasian Flyway Partnership3, is now comprised of tidal flats, sea shallows, a large reclamation lake and rice-fields and freshwater wetlands.
ȼº½Ã¿Í ‘µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ-´ë¾çÁÖ Ã¶»õÀ̵¿°æ·Î ÆÄÆ®³Ê½Ê’(EAAFP)¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ±¹Á¦ ö»õ ¼½ÄÁö(Flyway Network Site; FNS)·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ȼº½ÀÁö3´Â ÀÌÁ¦ °¹¹ú, ¾èÀº ¹Ù´Ù, ³ÐÀº °£Ã´ È£¼ö¿Í ³í ¹× ´ã¼ö ½ÀÁö·Î ±¸¼ºµË´Ï´Ù.
Each part of the wetland supports different species and is vital to the whole. Each part of the wetland also provides benefits to people: food through fisheries and rice farming; pollution control through natural water filtration; and helping the nation to reduce its carbon footprint because wetlands are very effective carbon sinks.
½ÀÁöÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐÀº ¿©·¯ ´Ù¸¥ »ý¹°Á¾ÀÇ ¼½Äó°¡ µÇ¾î ÁÖ¸ç, ÀÌ´Â Àüü »ý¹°Á¾ÀÇ »ý¸íÀ¯Áö¿¡ ÇʼöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ½ÀÁöÀÇ °¢ ºÎºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ‘¾î¾÷°ú º³ó»ç¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ½Ä·®’, ‘ÀÚ¿¬¼ö ¿©°ú¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ¿À¿° Á¶Àý’ µîÀÇ ÇýÅÃÀ» Á¦°øÇϸç, ½ÀÁö´Â ¸Å¿ì È¿°úÀûÀΠź¼Ò Èí¼ö¿øÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ±¹°¡°¡ ź¼Ò ¹ßÀÚ±¹À» ÁÙÀÌ´Â µ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÝ´Ï´Ù.
The Hwaseong Wetlands also support many waterbird species which have been assessed as Nationally Endangered by the Ministry of Environment; as special species for protection by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries; and which have been designated as National Natural Monuments by the Cultural Heritage Administration.
It is therefore clear that the Hwaseong Wetlands need to be fully protected.
ȼº½ÀÁö´Â ¶ÇÇÑ È¯°æºÎ ÁöÁ¤ ¸êÁ¾ À§±âÁ¾ÀÌÀÚ Çؾç¼ö»êºÎ Ưº° º¸È£Á¾ÀÌ¸ç ¹®ÈÀçû ÁöÁ¤ õ¿¬±â³ä¹°ÀÎ ¸¹Àº ¹°»õ Á¾À» ºÎ¾çÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
µû¶ó¼ ȼº½ÀÁö´Â ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ º¸È£µÇ¾î¾ß Çϸç ÀÌ´Â ÀǽÉÇÒ ¿©Áö°¡ ¾ø½À´Ï´Ù.
Why then are the Hwaseong Wetlands not yet protected by law? Why are they not protected in accordance with Article 35 of the National Constitution of the Republic of Korea, which states that:
“"All citizens shall have the right to a healthy and pleasant environment. The State and all citizens shall endeavor to protect the environment.”
±×·¸´Ù¸é ¿Ö ȼº½ÀÁö´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ ¹ýÀ¸·Î º¸È£µÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î? ȼº½ÀÁö´Â ¿Ö ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº ´ëÇѹα¹ Çå¹ý Á¦35Á¶ 1Ç׿¡ µû¶ó º¸È£µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀԴϱî?
“¸ðµç ±¹¹ÎÀº °Ç°ÇÏ°í ÄèÀûÇÑ È¯°æ¿¡¼ »ýÈ°ÇÒ ±Ç¸®¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, ±¹°¡¿Í ±¹¹ÎÀº ȯ°æº¸ÀüÀ» À§ÇÏ¿© ³ë·ÂÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.”
And why are the Hwaseong Wetlands not yet managed in accordance with the obligations and Articles of the Ramsar Convention?
¶Ç ¿Ö ȼº½ÀÁö´Â ¶÷»ç¸£Çù¾àÀÇ Àǹ«¿Í Á¶Ç×4¿¡ µû¶ó ¾ÆÁ÷ °ü¸®µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â °Ì´Ï±î?
Legal protections for the Hwaseong Wetlands should be enacted now. And the Hwaseong Wetlands should be designated as a Ramsar site. This protection for the Hwaseong Wetlands is not only about conserving birds. It is about protecting people and the economy too.
ȼº½ÀÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¹ýÀû º¸È£´Â Áö±Ý ½ÃÇàµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ȼº½ÀÁö´Â ¶÷»ç¸£»çÀÌÆ®·Î ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ȼº½ÀÁö º¸È£´Â Á¶·ù º¸Àü¿¡¸¸ ±¹ÇѵÇÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ »ç¶÷°ú °æÁ¦¸¦ º¸È£ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⵵ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
It is true that infrastructural and industrial development has allowed many people to escape from poverty. However, it has also resulted in an increase in the frequency and spread of zoonotic diseases, including COVID-19; an unstable and rapidly warming climate; a collapse in fisheries; a decline in ecosystem health and resilience; and a human population that mistakenly feels increasingly separated from Nature and natural processes.
»çȸ ±â¹Ý ½Ã¼³°ú »ê¾÷ÀÇ ¹ßÀüÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷ÀÌ ºó°ï¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³¯ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ±×°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÏ°í ºü¸£°Ô ¿Â³ÈµÇ´Â ±âÈĺ¯È, ¾î¾÷ÀÇ ºØ±«, »ýÅÂ°è °Ç°°ú ȸº¹·ÂÀÇ ÀúÇϸ¦ ³º¾Ò°í, ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀÚ¿¬°ú ÀÚ¿¬ÀûÀÎ °úÁ¤À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ °¥¼ö·Ï ´õ ºÐ¸®µÈ´Ù°í ±×¸©µÇ°Ô ´À³¢´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸¸µé¾î ³Â°í COVID-19¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ Àμö °øÅë °¨¿°º´ ºóµµ¿Í È®»êÀÇ Áõ°¡½ÃÄ×´Ù.
This is why today, together with many others, we call respectfully for the legal protection and Ramsar site designation of the internationally important Hwaseong Wetlands.
ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿À´Ã ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ À̵é°ú ÇÔ²² ±¹Á¦ÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÇÑ È¼º½ÀÁöÀÇ ¹ýÀû º¸È£¿Í ¶÷ »ç¸£ »çÀÌÆ® ÁöÁ¤À» Ã˱¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÌÀ¯ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
[°¢ÁÖ]
1.Report on the first national shorebird surveys, led by Professor Won Pyong-Oh in a collaboration between Kyung Hee University and East Anglia University (UK).
Long, A., Poole, C., Eldridge, M., Won P-O & Lee K-S. 1988. A Survey of Coastal wetlands and Shorebirds in South Korea, Spring 1988. Asian Wetland Bureau, Kuala Lumpur.
1.°æÈñ´ëÇб³¿Í ¿µ±¹ À̽ºÆ®¾Þ±Û¸®¾Æ´ëÇб³ Çù¾÷À¸·Î ¿øº´¿À ±³¼ö°¡ À̲ö Çѱ¹ ÃÖÃÊÀÇ Àü±¹ µµ¿ä¹°¶¼»õ Á¶»ç º¸°í¼. (Long, A., Poole, C., Eldridge, M., ¿øº´¿À & À̱⼷. 1988. <³²ÇÑÀÇ ¿¬¾È½ÀÁö¿Í µµ¿ä¹°¶¼»õ Á¶»ç>(1988 º½, Äí¾Ë¶ó·ëǪ¸£ ¾Æ½Ã¾Æ½ÀÁö±¹)
2.The Hwaseong Wetlands meet Ramsar Criteria 2, 5 and 6 for identifying wetlands of international importance Criteria at: https://www.ramsar.org/sites/default/files/documents/library/ramsarsites_criteria_eng.pdf
2.ȼº½ÀÁö´Â ½ÀÁöÀÇ ±¹Á¦Àû Á߿伺À» Á¤ÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¶÷»ç¸£ 2, 3, 6¹ø ¿ä°ÇÀ» ÃæÁ·ÇÑ´Ù. ¶÷»ç¸£½ÀÁö ¼±Á¤ ±âÁØ(¿µ¹®) ¸µÅ©
3.https://www.eaaflyway.net/wp-t/uploads/2018/12/EAAF142_ROK_Hwaseong-Wetlands_Final.pdf
3 µ¿¾Æ½Ã¾Æ-´ë¾çÁÖ Ã¶»õÀ̵¿°æ·Î 142¹ø° ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »çÀÌÆ®(EAAF Network Site 142) µîÀç Á¤º¸Áö ¸µÅ©
4 Ramsar Convention Articles
Article 3 1. The Contracting Parties shall formulate and implement their planning so as to promote the conservation of the wetlands included in the List, and as far as possible the wise use of wetlands in their territory.
Article 4.1 Each Contracting Party shall promote the conservation of wetlands and waterfowl by establishing nature reserves on wetlands, whether they are included in the List or not, and provide adequately for their wardening.
4.¶÷»ç¸£ Çù¾à Á¶Ç× 3Á¶1Ç×
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5.IUCN statement April 8th2020,in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, “Land use change is a key driver of emerging zoonotic diseases …protected areas and environmental law must be part of our global strategy to reduce or prevent future disease episodes.”
https://www.iucn.org/news/secretariat/202004/iucn-statement-covid-19-pandemic
5.2020³â 4¿ù 8ÀÏ IUCN ¼º¸íÀº Äڷγª19(COVID-19) ÆÒµ¥¹Í¿¡ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù.
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